Acetaminophen (paracetamol)

Category: Analgesic, Antipyretic

Description:
Acetaminophen is used to relieve pain and reduce fever. Unlike aspirin, it does not relieve the redness, stiffness, or swelling caused by rheumatoid arthritis. However, it may relieve the pain caused by mild forms of arthritis.
This medicine is available without a prescription; however, your medical doctor or dentist may have special instructions on the proper dose of acetaminophen for your medical condition.

Acetaminophen is available in the following dosage forms:
Oral
Acetaminophen
Capsules (U.S.)
Oral granules (in packets) (U.S.)
Oral liquid (drops) for babies (U.S. and Canada)
Oral liquid for children (U.S. and Canada)
Oral liquid for adults (U.S.)
Oral powders (in capsules) (U.S.)
Oral suspension (drops) for babies (U.S. and Canada)
Oral suspension (liquid) for children (U.S. and Canada)
Tablets (U.S. and Canada)
Chewable tablets (U.S. and Canada)
Acetaminophen and Caffeine
Tablets (U.S. and Canada)
Rectal
Acetaminophen
Suppositories (U.S. and Canada)

Before Using This Medicine:
If you are taking this medicine without a prescription, carefully read and follow any precautions on the label. For acetaminophen, the following should be considered:
Allergies—Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to acetaminophen or aspirin. Also tell your health care professional if you are allergic to any other substances, such as foods, preservatives, or dyes.
Pregnancy—Although studies have not been done in pregnant women, acetaminophen has not been reported to cause birth defects or other problems.
Breast-feeding—Although acetaminophen passes into the breast milk in small amounts, it has not been reported to cause problems in nursing babies.
Children—This medicine has been tested in children and has not been shown to cause different side effects or problems than it does in adults. However, some children's products containing acetaminophen also contain aspartame, which may be dangerous if it is given to children with phenylketonuria.
Older adults—Acetaminophen has been tested and has not been shown to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.
Other medicines—Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your health care professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.
Other medical problems—The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of acetaminophen. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
Alcohol abuse or
Kidney disease (severe) or
Hepatitis or other liver disease—The chance of serious side effects may be increased
Phenylketonuria—Some brands of acetaminophen contain aspartame, which can make your condition worse

Proper Use of This Medicine
Unless otherwise directed by your medical doctor or dentist :
Do not take more of this medicine than is recommended on the package label . If too much is taken, liver and kidney damage may occur.
Children up to 12 years of age should not take this medicine more than 5 times a day .
To use acetaminophen oral granules (e.g., Snaplets-FR):
Just before the medicine is to be taken, open the number of packets needed for one dose. Mix the granules inside of the packets with a small amount of soft food, such as applesauce, ice cream, or jam. Eat the acetaminophen granules along with the food.
To use acetaminophen oral powders (e.g., Feverall Sprinkle Caps [Children's or Junior Strength]):
These capsules are not intended to be swallowed whole. Instead, just before the medicine is to be taken, open the number of capsules needed for one dose. Empty the powder from each capsule into 1 teaspoonful of water or other liquid. Drink the medicine along with the liquid. You may drink more liquid after taking the medicine. You may also mix the powder with a small amount of soft food, such as applesauce, ice cream, or jam. Eat the acetaminophen powder along with the food.
For patients using acetaminophen suppositories :
If the suppository is too soft to insert, chill it in the refrigerator for 30 minutes or run cold water over it before removing the foil wrapper.
To insert the suppository:
First remove the foil wrapper and moisten the suppository with cold water. Lie down on your side and use your finger to push the suppository well up into the rectum.
Dosing—The dose of acetaminophen will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label . The following information includes only the average doses of acetaminophen. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to.
The number of capsules, tablets, teaspoonfuls of oral solution or suspension that you take, the amount of oral granules or powders that you take, or the number of suppositories that you use, depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you use each day and the time allowed between doses depend on the strength of the medicine.
For oral dosage forms (capsules, granules, powders, solution, suspension, or tablets) and rectal dosage forms (suppositories):
For pain or fever:
Adults and teenagers—325 or 500 milligrams (mg) every three or four hours, 650 mg every four to six hours, or 1000 mg every six hours as needed.The total dose should not be more than 4000 mg (for example, eight 500-mg tablets) a day.
Children—Acetaminophen dose is based on the child's age.
Infants up to 3 months of age: 40 mg every four hours as needed.
Infants 4 to 12 months of age: 80 mg every four hours as needed.
Children 1 to 2 years of age: 120 mg every four hours as needed.
Children 2 to 4 years of age: 160 mg every four hours as needed.
Children 4 to 6 years of age: 240 mg every four hours as needed.
Children 6 to 9 years of age: 320 mg every four hours as needed.
Children 9 to 11 years of age: 320 to 400 mg every four hours as needed.
Children 11 to 12 years of age: 320 to 480 mg every four hours as needed.

Storage—To store this medicine:
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store away from heat and direct light.
Do not store acetaminophen tablets (including caplets and gelcaps), capsules, or granules in the bathroom, near the kitchen sink, or in other damp places. Heat or moisture may cause the medicine to break down.
Keep the liquid and suppository forms of this medicine from freezing.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed. Be sure that any discarded medicine is out of the reach of children.

Side Effects of This Medicine
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Rare
Yellow eyes or skin

Symptoms of overdose
Diarrhea; increased sweating; loss of appetite; nausea or vomiting; stomach cramps or pain; swelling, pain, or tenderness in the upper abdomen or stomach area
Also, check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:
Rare
Bloody or black, tarry stools; bloody or cloudy urine; fever with or without chills (not present before treatment and not caused by the condition being treated); pain in lower back and/or side (severe and/or sharp); pinpoint red spots on skin; skin rash, hives, or itching; sores, ulcers, or white spots on lips or in mouth; sore throat (not present before treatment and not caused by the condition being treated); sudden decrease in amount of urine; unusual bleeding or bruising; unusual tiredness or weakness
Other side effects not listed above may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your doctor.